← Valuations

Associated Banc-Corp (ASB)

Midwest regional bank · $51.8B assets · WI/IL/MN + American National (NE/MN/IA, closed 4/1/26) · Green Bay, WI
Bank method · justified P/TBV on normalized ROTCE · excess-return model on tangible book · DDM cross-check · valued 2026-10-15 (refresh of 10/14)
SLIGHTLY CHEAPRISK: MEDIUM
Price $28.86 · Base $31.01 · Price is −7% vs base

What they do

A plain-vanilla Midwest commercial bank. Associated takes deposits from households and mid-sized businesses across Wisconsin, Illinois and Minnesota (plus Nebraska, Iowa and the Twin Cities after buying American National on 4/1/26) and lends them out. It has $39.9B of deposits and $36.5B of loans. Revenue is about 82% net interest income (Q2-26: $370M) and 18% fees ($80M: wealth management $26M, deposit service charges $16M, card $14M, capital markets $7M, mortgage banking $3M).

Who borrows, and how much (6/30/26): commercial & industrial $13.75B (38%) plus owner-occupied CRE $1.58B (4%), so 42% is business lending. This is the growth engine, built by hiring commercial bankers since 2024. Investor CRE $6.49B (18%) and construction $2.55B (7%), so 25% is CRE. Residential mortgages $6.81B (19%). Indirect auto loans $4.04B (11%). Home equity and other consumer $1.25B (3%). There are two operating segments: Corporate & Commercial Specialty (larger companies, developers, municipalities) and Community, Consumer & Business (branches, consumers, small business).

How it makes money, and what moves it: it earns the spread between loan and securities yields and the cost of deposits (NIM ~3.1–3.2%), minus credit losses and a ~53% efficiency ratio. The sensitivities are short-rate and deposit-beta moves (it is modestly asset-sensitive), credit costs on CRE and fast-growing C&I, AOCI on the ~$10B securities book (long yields hit tangible book), and execution on the October American National systems conversion.

Price (10/15 intraday, +2.3% vs 10/14)
$28.86
Base intrinsic value
$31.01
Bear → Bull · prob-wtd
$24.44 – $37.35 · $30.95
Key driver
Core NIM: ±10bp ≈ ±0.9pt ROTCE

The Take — Still a hold / accumulate-on-weakness. The model hasn't moved; the stock has, and the discount has narrowed to 7%.

Throw out the screen's growth number. GAAP EPS went from $0.72 (2024) to $2.77 (2025), +285% — but 2024 was depressed by the Q4-24 balance-sheet repositioning (securities sold at a loss, $723M of mortgages sold, a $(1.03) Q4 loss), and 2023 by the same playbook (mortgage-sale loss $136M, securities loss $59M, FDIC special assessment). On an adjusted basis EPS went $2.27 → $2.38 → $2.77: +16%, not +282%. The low PEG is an artifact; this is not a growth stock. It is a ~12.5% ROTCE bank — exactly what its five-year adjusted record says (12.5%).

At that return, the stock is modestly cheap. Cost of equity 10.0%, 3% growth: a 12.5% ROTCE justifies 1.35x tangible book = $29.89; the excess-return model, crediting the near-term 13–13.5% run-rate (Q2 adj. ROATCE 13.95%) fading to 12.5%, gives $31.01; the DDM gives $27.94. Today's 1.30x TBV prices in ~11.8% sustained ROTCE — a hair below what the bank has actually earned in every clean year since 2021. Forward return at normalized ROTCE ≈ 10.3% vs a 10.0% hurdle: you're paid, but only a little.

The rate setup leans its way. Management's own disclosure: +100bp ramp → NII +1.9% (≈+$0.12 EPS); −100bp → −1.2%. With the 10Y at ~5.2% and a Fed hiking bias, the NIM (3.17% in Q2, ~3.10% core ex-purchase-accounting) has a tailwind, and the 2023–24 repositioning already flushed the low-yield securities. 2026 guide: NII +19–21%, loans +18–20% (ANC-inclusive). American National ($5.3B assets, $604M all-stock, 30% cost saves, 1.9% TBV dilution, ~2.25-yr earnback) closed 4/1 and converts this month.

But it's not a screaming buy — the tornado says NIM and credit cost are each worth ±$5/share, and both have reasons to wobble: CRE is 24.8% of loans ($9.0B; multifamily 10.7%, office 2.2%), nonaccruals jumped to $150M from $111M with ANC, Q2 NCOs were 26bp vs 7bp in Q1, and C&I is being grown 20%+ — fast growth is where tomorrow's charge-offs are born. CET1 10.47% sits at the low end of the 10–10.75% target, so no buybacks until it rebuilds.

What changed since 10/14: only the price. The stock is up 2.3% ($28.21 → $28.86). There is no company news. Q3 has not been reported, and the date is confirmed for Oct 22 after the close (Street EPS $0.76; Q4 $0.80). No filings or guidance changed, so the inputs (Q2-26 tangible book $22.15, 12.5% normalized ROTCE, 10.04% cost of equity) and the $31.01 base are unchanged. The discount to base narrowed from −9% to −7%. That is still SLIGHTLY CHEAP, but it is now 2 points from FAIR. The Street mean target is $33.91 (range $31–36; 5 Buy / 6 Hold / 0 Sell), above our base but inside our bull case. This refresh adds the "What they do" section with the 6/30 loan mix and a cost-of-equity × growth grid.

Call: Hold; no chasing above ~$30 into the print. Accumulate below ~$26 (≈1.17x TBV, bear-plus), get aggressive under $24.5 (bear). Trim above ~$34 (≈10% over base; bull is $37). Options: after the Oct 22 (after close) print, sell a 25/22.5 bull put spread or cash-secured $25 puts 30–45 DTE — the short strike sits at bear-case value with a 3.3% dividend behind it. If the print shows core NIM ≥3.15% with nonaccruals flat or down, the base drifts toward ~$33 and the stock stays a hold. If NCOs run above 35bp, expect a retest of $26. Watch on the print: core NIM ex-accretion, ANC conversion costs, nonaccrual trend.

Risk Profile — MEDIUM

MEDCommercial real estate — $9.04B (24.8% of loans): $6.49B investor CRE, $2.55B construction; multifamily 10.7%, office $795M (86% suburban, DSCR 1.24x). Short: higher-for-longer rates at refinance; CRE NCOs 12bp in Q2.
MEDCredit normalization / growth — NCOs 26bp Q2 (7bp Q1); nonaccruals $150M (+36% q/q, ANC-driven); C&I +20–22%. Each +10bp NCO ≈ −0.7pt ROTCE.
MEDIntegration (ANC) — systems conversion Oct-26, merger costs $60M (up from $55M), auto-dealer reserve $26M, loan marks swung to a $16.7M markdown.
MEDCapital — CET1 10.47%, TCE 8.27%, Tier 1 leverage 8.99%; no buybacks Q2. Short: long-end yields (AFS AOCI on ~$10B investment book hits TBV).
LOWNII / rates — modestly asset-sensitive (+100bp → +1.9% NII). Long: Fed hiking bias. Deposit beta is the offset; LDR 91%.
What the "inventory" really is: a $36.5B Midwest commercial-heavy loan book, a quarter of it CRE, funded by $39.9B of deposits. Earnings power = NIM on that book minus credit cost; there is no fee franchise big enough to cushion either.

Scenario values per share vs price

Bear$24.44Base$31.01Bull$37.35Prob-wtd$30.95Price$28.86
Excess-return model on tangible book $22.15, CoE 10.04%, g 3%. Bear: ROTCE 12%→10.5% (NIM −10bp + NCO 50bp, a 2020-style cycle) · Base: 13.5%→12.5% · Bull: 14.5% sustained (ANC synergies + NIM 3.3%). Prob-weighted (25/50/25): $30.95.

Driver tornado — value/share from base $31.01

Core NIM ±20bp$25.75$36.28Credit cost (NCO) ±25bp$25.90$36.12Cost of equity ±60bp$28.46$34.05Near-term ROTCE (yr1 12% / 15%)$30.29$31.73TBV growth yrs 1–5 (3% / 7%)$30.36$31.71Terminal g ±50bp$30.61$31.48
NIM and credit cost are the whole story — each ~±$5. Discount-rate and growth inputs move value far less because ASB earns only ~2.5pt above its cost of equity: most of the value is tangible book itself.

Sensitivity — value/share: core NIM (implied normalized ROTCE) × cost of equity

Core NIM (→ ROTCE) ↓ / CoE →8.8%9.4%10.0%10.6%11.2%
2.80% (9.8%)$28.12$25.45$23.11$21.39$19.81
2.95% (11.2%)$33.05$29.86$27.06$25.00$23.11
3.10% (12.5%)$37.98$34.27$31.01$28.62$26.42
3.25% (13.8%)$42.91$38.68$34.96$32.23$29.72
3.40% (15.2%)$47.85$43.09$38.91$35.84$33.02
NIM mapped to ROTCE at ~$47B earning assets, 20% tax, TCE $4.18B: 10bp ≈ 0.9pt ROTCE; normalized NCO 35bp held constant. Colored vs $28.86: green ≥ +5%, amber ±5%, orange −5% to −30%, red below −30%. The price breaks even at ~3.02% NIM and a 10% CoE.

Sensitivity — value/share: cost of equity × terminal growth (base ROTCE path)

CoE ↓ / g →2.0%2.5%3.0%3.5%4.0%
8.8%$36.24$37.04$37.98$39.10$40.45
9.4%$33.09$33.64$34.27$35.01$35.89
10.04%$30.25$30.61$31.01$31.48$32.03
10.6%$28.12$28.35$28.62$28.92$29.26
11.2%$26.13$26.26$26.42$26.59$26.78
This is the bank analogue of WACC × g. Growth barely matters because ROTCE is only ~2.5pt above CoE, so each extra dollar of retained equity earns little excess. The discount rate matters more: the price is fair at ~10.6% CoE.

ROTCE history — adjusted vs GAAP

12.0%2021 adj12.0%2021 GAAP12.9%2022 adj12.9%2022 GAAP12.2%2023 adj6.1%2023 GAAP12.2%2024 adj3.7%2024 GAAP13.1%2025 adj13.1%2025 GAAP13.3%TTM adj12.9%TTM GAAPPrice-implied ROTCE 11.8% at $28.86 (10/15)
Blue = adjusted (ex-repositioning losses, FDIC special, merger costs); red = GAAP. GAAP 2023–24 craters are self-inflicted securities/mortgage-sale losses that pulled future NII forward — they are why reported EPS "grew 282%". The dashed line is what the price implies.

Normalization worksheet — EPS & ROTCE

YearGAAP EPSAdj. EPSYE TBVPSGAAP ROTCEAdj. ROTCEOne-offs
20212.182.1818.1912.0%12.0%
20222.342.3418.0512.9%12.9%AOCI drag on TBV
20231.132.2719.066.1%12.2%Q4-23: $136M mortgage-sale loss, $59M securities loss, $31M FDIC special
20240.722.3819.983.7%12.2%Q4-24: securities repositioning + $723M mortgage sale; net loss $(1.03) in Q4; equity raise
20252.772.7722.3313.1%13.1%clean year; base for the "+282%"
TTM Q2-262.862.9622.1512.9%13.3%Q2-26: $24.5M ANC merger cost ($0.10)
5-yr avg 2021–259.6%12.5%normalized base set at 12.5%
ROTCE = EPS ÷ average year-end TBVPS (approximates company ROATCE; company-reported FY23 GAAP ROATCE 6.44%, Q2-26 adj. 13.95%). Pre-2021: GAAP EPS ranged ~$1.26–$1.97 (2016–20) at lower rates and a smaller franchise; 2020 included the insurance-agency sale gain, so it is excluded from the window. FCF/FCF−SBC are not meaningful for a bank; dividends ($0.96/yr, ~33% payout) and the repositioning-driven capital raises are the relevant cash returns.
Normalization choice: 12.5% ROTCE ≈ 5-yr adjusted average (12.5%). Not higher, because 2025–26 benefited from unusually low NCOs (7bp in Q1-26) and purchase-accounting accretion (+3bp NIM); not lower, because the repositioning permanently lifted asset yields and ANC brings cost saves. Normalized NIM 3.10% / NCO 35bp.

Why not FCFF

Deposits and borrowings are ASB's raw material, not its capital structure — there's no meaningful WACC or enterprise value, and "reinvestment" is the equity needed to keep CET1 at 10–10.75% as loans grow. So equity is valued directly: justified P/TBV = (ROTCE−g)/(CoE−g), an excess-return model on tangible book (goodwill/CDI from ANC and prior deals earn nothing extra), and a DDM cross-check.

Base case — excess-return model on tangible book (per share)

YearROTCETBV (start)EPSPayoutExcess returnPV
Yr 1 (2027)13.5%$22.15$2.99$1.88$0.77$0.70
Yr 2 (2028)13.2%$23.26$3.08$1.92$0.75$0.62
Yr 3 (2029)13.0%$24.42$3.17$1.95$0.72$0.54
Yr 4 (2030)12.8%$25.64$3.27$1.99$0.69$0.47
Yr 5 (2031)12.5%$26.92$3.37$2.02$0.66$0.41
Terminal(12.5% − 10.04%) × TBV $28.27 ÷ (10.04% − 3%)TV $9.88$6.12
Value = TBV $22.15 + PV excess $2.74 + PV terminal $6.12 = $31.01. Terminal share 20% (<70% ✓); r > g ✓. Yr-1 EPS $2.99 ≈ 2026 run-rate (0.70+0.73+0.76E+0.80E = $2.99).
Cross-checks: justified P/TBV 1.35x → $29.89 (bear 10.5% $23.60, bull 14.5% $36.18) · Gordon total-payout on normalized EPS $2.77 → $30.79 · DDM ($0.96 +6%/yr 5 yrs, then 76% payout) → $27.94. Buybacks: none in Q2 (894K sh in Q1) — value does not lean on repurchases. Reverse: $28.86 ⇒ sustained ROTCE 11.8% (ERM) / 12.2% (Gordon), vs 11.5% / 12.0% at $28.21 on 10/14.

Cost of equity

Risk-free (10Y UST ~5.2%)5.20%
Mature ERP4.40%
Beta (regional-bank bottom-up)1.10
Cost of equity10.04%
Stable growth3.00%

Inputs & bridge (6/30/26)

Book / tangible book per share$28.85 / $22.15
P/B · P/TBV · P/E on TTM adj. EPS $2.96 (at $28.86)1.00x · 1.30x · 9.8x
Q2-26 NII / NIM (FTE) / noninterest income$370.0M / 3.17% / $80.4M
Q2-26 EPS GAAP / adj.; adj. efficiency$0.63 / $0.73; 52.9%
Loans / deposits / LDR$36.5B / $39.9B / 91.3%
ACL / loans; nonaccruals; NCOs (Q2 ann.)1.36%; $150.0M; 0.26%
CET1 / Tier 1 leverage / TCE10.47% / 8.99% / 8.27%
Shares outstanding (post-ANC, +23.3M)188.85M · mkt cap ≈$5.45B
Preferred (excluded from common)$194M
Dividend$0.24/qtr · 3.3% yield
52-week range; next earnings; Street target$23.86 – $32.46; Oct 22 (pm, confirmed); $33.91 mean
Sources: ASB Q2-26 earnings release (8-K ex-99.1) and Q2-26 presentation (rate sensitivity, CRE detail, ANC marks, guidance); ASB FY23 release (adj. EPS $2.27, one-offs); Zacks on Q4-24 (GAAP $0.72, adj. $2.38, $723M mortgage sale); ANC deal terms (12/2/25 announcement); stockanalysis.com balance sheet/ratios; ASB Q2-26 8-K ex-99.1 loan composition and fee detail (fetched 10/15/26); ASB 10/1/26 release on the Q3 call date; Robinhood quotes, fundamentals, earnings calendar and analyst ratings 10/15/26. Model: val1015/asb/model.py (replicates the 10/14 base exactly). Prior report: 10/14/26, $28.21, base $31.01. Educational analysis, not investment advice.